ESSENCE AND COMPONENTS COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19
Abstract
The aim of the article is to systematize scientific approaches to defining the essence of resilience in relation to the community, identifying its specific features, as well as the main components of the formation of resilience of the community in the context of COVID-19. The study was conducted on the basis of analysis and systematization of approaches presented in Ukrainian and foreign scientific papers. According to the results of the study, it is determined that the interpretation of the term “community resilience” is carried out from the standpoint of the following 4 approaches: resilience as an attribute of the community; resilience as a process of changing the state of the community; resilience as adaptation and preservation of a stable state of the community; resilience as community strengthening and development in response to a risk factor. Since the term “resilience” can be used to describe certain objects or entities (individuals, community, society in general, political or other institutions), the article identifies specific features of community resilience, namely: 1) risk factors may have as external origin, and be determined by certain internal impulses; 2) the community is characterized by certain geographical boundaries, social and political system; 3) the level of resilience of the community affects the resilience of its members, the level and quality of their lives. The article considers the theoretical model of community resilience, which is implemented in 4 stages: realization of the risk factor; activation of protective factors and vulnerabilities; interaction between protective factors and vulnerabilities; and the result is resilience or maladaptation of the community. Based on the generalization of existing approaches, the main components of community resilience have been identified, which include social capital, economic development, human capital, physical resources, and geographical location. The role of these components is characterized in terms of the formation of resistance in a COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study are the basis for further assessment of the level of resilience of communities in terms of selected components and the development of ways to improve the resilience.
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