TOOLS FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL TOURISM CLUSTERS
Abstract
The article reveals the objective necessity of using the cluster approach in the study of the tourism industry of the European space. It is determined that the cluster approach is a necessary tool for creating the spatial development of the world's tourist regions, and the focus on the formation of competitive advantages of tourist clusters will lead to the production of creative innovative tourism products. The methodological principles of assessing the potential of objects of tourist activity and the study of factors that form the potential of the tourism industry in the European space are substantiated. The study examines the competitiveness index according to a set of indicators, which are grouped into four subindexes. The composition of competitiveness subindexes is revealed. In accordance with the methodology of assessing the level of effectiveness of the formation of the potential of tourist clusters, indicators determining its value are identified. A cluster analysis of the factors that create the regional potential of clusters in the tourism industry of the European space has been carried out. The features of the competitive environment in the tourism services market and its impact on the competitiveness of economic entities of the tourism industry are considered. The number and composition of tourism clusters in the EU member states is demonstrated. With the help of cluster analysis and audit, more competitive tourist clusters of the European space have been identified. A correlation analysis was carried out between the general competitiveness index of the EU member states in the field of travel and tourism and its subindexes. The results of this analysis confirm the existence of a direct relationship between these components. In order to characterize tourist clusters and determine the degree of development of their tourism potential, the process of combining clusters by the Ward method and the K-means method was used, which made it possible to determine various levels of competitiveness of the travel and tourism sector. The hierarchy of clusters according to the degree of development of the potential of the tourism industry is presented.
References
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The UNWTO Tourism Dashboard – Insights on key performance indicators for inbound and outbound tourism at the global, regional and national levels. UNWTO Tourism Dashboard. URL: https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard
Benedict, M.A., McMahon, E.T. (2006). Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities. Washington: Island Press. 299 р.
Bergman, E.М., Feser, E.J. (1999). Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts and Comparative Applications. Morgantown: Regional Research Institute. 408 р.
Butler, R. (2006). The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5–12.
Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1996). Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas: The State of Nature-Based Tourism around the World and Guidelines for Its Development. Cambridge: IUCN Publications. 301 р.
Trusova, N.V., Cherniavska, T.A., Pasieka, S.R., Hranovska, V.Hr., Prystemskyi, O.S., Demko, V.S. (2020). Innovative clustering of the region in the context of increasing competitive positions of the enterprises of the tourist-recreational destination. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosite, 33(3), 1126–1134.
Trusova, N.V., Kyrylov, Yu.Y., Hranovska, V. Hr., Prystеmskyi, O.S., Sakun, A. Zh. (2020). The imperatives of the development of the tourist services market in spatial polarization of the regional tourist system. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2), 565–582.
Gorina, G.O., Barabanova, V.V., Bohatyryova, G.A., Nikolaichuk, O.A., Romanukha, O.M. (2020). Clustering of regional tourism service markets according to indicators of the functioning of subjects of tourism activity. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology. Vol. 29. № 4, рр.684–692.
Cunha, J. (2005). Tourism Cluster Competitiveness and Sustainability: Proposal for a Systemic Model to Measure the Impact of Tourism on Local Development. Brazilian Administration Review, 2(2), 47–62.
Frederick, S., Simmons, M., Gallagher, M. (2013). The ecological imperative for environmental design and planning. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(7), 355–361.
Goeldner, C.R., Ritchie, J.R. (2009). Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 626 р.
Hall, C.M., Page, S J. (2014). The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. New York: Routledge. 470 р.
Hardin, G. (1968). The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, 162(3859), 1243–1248.
Kuśen, E.A. (2010). System of tourism attractions. Tourism, 58(4), 409–424.
Lindqvist, G., Solvell, О., Ketels, Ch. (2013). The Cluster Initiative Greenbook 2.0. Stockholm: Ivory Tower Publishers. 66 p.
Nordin, S. (2003). Tourism Clustering & Innovation: path to economic growth and development. Östersund: European Tourism Research Institute. 90 р.
Selin, S. (1999). Developing a typology of sustainable tourism partnerships. Journal of Sustainable tourism, 7(3), 260–273.
Sevenant, M., Antrop, M. (2009). Cognitive attributes and aesthetic preferences in assessment and differentiation of landscapes. Journal of Environmental Managemen, 90, 2889–2899.
The UNWTO Tourism Dashboard – Insights on key performance indicators for inbound and outbound tourism at the global, regional and national levels. UNWTO Tourism Dashboard. Retrieved from: https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard
